The onset of generalized collection of carcasses after the outbreack of TSE/BSE in Europe had consequences for avian scavenger populations (Tella, 2001) and this has led to new regulations (EU1774/2002; EU322/2003; EU830/2005; CE 1069/2009) permitting carcasses to be left in the field to feed scavengers. In any case, legal constraints are still very important and the abandonment of dead animals is only possible in specific locations (Deygout et al., 2009; Donázar et al., 2009). In Sardinia, the implementation of the latest European regulation is still in progress, and the competent authority still has to draft the protocol needed to grant the farmers the authorization to left livestock carcasses in the field in the area were vultures are present. In the present situation, farmers remove the carcasses from the field and dig them in the ground or send them to the cremator. In the Bosa area, however, several factors has mitigated the severity of food shortage. First of all, the majority of the farms located in the area cover several hectares each (up to 80 hectares), and livestock animals are bred extensively. In addition, because of the orography, certain areas are not easily reachable. This situation led to difficulties in the removal of the carcasses from the field by the farmers, especially those of large species (i.e. bovine). Thanks to the constant presence of vultures, and to the mutualisms developed with local farmers over the centuries, carcasses that cannot be removed from the field are efficiently scavenged by vultures, which exert an important ecosystem service. Considering that food supplementing has never been guaranteed on a regular basis for Sardinian Griffon vultures, this situation has permitted their survival. However, our estimates calculated that the supply provided by farmers in the Bosa area are barely sufficient for a population of 100 vultures, considering that they should eat 18.250 kilos of meat/year.